■ Tuning fork testing is especially
important when otoscopy and
systemic examinations are
unremarkable.
■ It is vital to recognise the
possible causes of seemingly
innocuous tinnitus (especially
sudden onset) and institute
early appropriate treatment.
■ There is great variation in how
people react to tinnitus –
some cope well with little
disturbance while others feel
anxious or depressed.
■ Treating underlying anxiety
and depression improves
outcomes.
■ Many patients report their
tinnitus-related stress started
when their doctor told them
“nothing could be done”.
■ Most people will habituate
naturally to tinnitus, as long
as they regard the sound as
meaningless.
The Australian Medical Council (AMC) is the national accreditation body for medical education and training in Australia. AMC MCQ Exam: This is a computer-based multiple-choice question (MCQ) AMC Clinical Exam: This exam assesses the clinical skills and knowledge of candidates in a simulated clinical environment. I AMC CAT MCQ Exam: This is a computer adaptive test (CAT) that assesses the clinical knowledge and understanding of candidates.
Thursday 13 May 2010
GRADING OF BURNS AND HF ACID BUURNS
sKIN burns can be graded into three categories.
Grade 1 has redness or white marking only,
grade 2 has oedema and blistering and grade 3 burns are associated with necrosis.
HF acid burns Appearance
Grade 1 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
Grade 2 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
PLUS oedema and blistering
Grade 3 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
PLUS oedema and blistering
PLUS necrosis
Grade 1 has redness or white marking only,
grade 2 has oedema and blistering and grade 3 burns are associated with necrosis.
HF acid burns Appearance
Grade 1 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
Grade 2 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
PLUS oedema and blistering
Grade 3 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
PLUS oedema and blistering
PLUS necrosis
WITH A LOTS OF LATERAL THINKING
Friday 7 May 2010
SHOULDER DISLOCATION IMPORTANT POINTS
There is no clear consensus on
the best management, surgical
or conservative, for first-time
anterior shoulder dislocation.
■ Always perform a thorough
examination before any
attempt at reduction and
document the neurovascular
status of the arm, in particular
the function of the axillary and
musculocutaneous nerves.
■ Plain X-rays should include
an antero-posterior view, a ‘Y’
lateral view and either an
axillary or a Garth view.
■ Recurrence rates are lowest in
patients who wear a sling for SIX WEEKS
the best management, surgical
or conservative, for first-time
anterior shoulder dislocation.
■ Always perform a thorough
examination before any
attempt at reduction and
document the neurovascular
status of the arm, in particular
the function of the axillary and
musculocutaneous nerves.
■ Plain X-rays should include
an antero-posterior view, a ‘Y’
lateral view and either an
axillary or a Garth view.
■ Recurrence rates are lowest in
patients who wear a sling for SIX WEEKS
WITH A LOTS OF LATERAL THINKING
Tuesday 4 May 2010
STROKE iMPORTANT POINTS
A.Intervention for acute stroke is
most potent when applied as
close to the time of stroke
onset as possible.
B. High-risk TIAs can be
predicted and should be
investigated and managed
with the same urgency as
acute stroke.
C. Differentiating between
infarction and haemorrhagic
stroke on clinical grounds is
poor, even among experienced
clinicians. Acute imaging
(usually by CT) is essential to
direct ongoing management.
D. Thrombolysis with tPA for
acute ischaemic stroke up to
4.5 hours from symptom onset
is now the standard level of
care in units which have
stroke management expertise.
E. Admission to a stroke unit for
all stroke subtypes increases
the chance of functional
outcome and decreases
disability.
most potent when applied as
close to the time of stroke
onset as possible.
B. High-risk TIAs can be
predicted and should be
investigated and managed
with the same urgency as
acute stroke.
C. Differentiating between
infarction and haemorrhagic
stroke on clinical grounds is
poor, even among experienced
clinicians. Acute imaging
(usually by CT) is essential to
direct ongoing management.
D. Thrombolysis with tPA for
acute ischaemic stroke up to
4.5 hours from symptom onset
is now the standard level of
care in units which have
stroke management expertise.
E. Admission to a stroke unit for
all stroke subtypes increases
the chance of functional
outcome and decreases
disability.
WITH A LOTS OF LATERAL THINKING
TIA RISK ASSESSMENT : ABCD SCORE!
Risk Score
A Age >60 years 1 point
B Blood pressure >140/90 1 point
C Clinical unilateral weakness 2 points
Speech disturbance without weakness 1 point
Other 0 points
D Duration >60 min 2 points
10-60 min 1 point
<10 min 0 points D Diabetes 1 point 0-3 points = low risk
4-5 points = moderate risk
6-7 points = high risk
(Maximum score 7 points)
A Age >60 years 1 point
B Blood pressure >140/90 1 point
C Clinical unilateral weakness 2 points
Speech disturbance without weakness 1 point
Other 0 points
D Duration >60 min 2 points
10-60 min 1 point
<10 min 0 points D Diabetes 1 point 0-3 points = low risk
4-5 points = moderate risk
6-7 points = high risk
(Maximum score 7 points)
WITH A LOTS OF LATERAL THINKING
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