AMC EXAMS AUSTRALIA ,AUSTRALIAN MEDICAL EXAMS,MCQS,CLINICALS.

there is an accurate research findings regarding the comorbidity of anxiety disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Studies have shown that approximately half of individuals with BD will develop an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives, and about a third will have an anxiety disorder at any given time. The presence of an anxiety disorder comorbidity in individuals with BD can have a negative impact on various aspects of their presentation and course of illness, including treatment response and outcome. Unfortunately, there is limited research available on the underlying causes and optimal management of this comorbidity. However, it is important for clinicians to be aware of this potential comorbidity and to screen individuals with BD for anxiety disorders. Providing comprehensive and ongoing treatment for both conditions can help prevent the negative consequences of anxiety disorder comorbidity in individuals with BD. This may include a combination of medication ...

THYROID PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY MCQS 1. Thyroid hormones exert pleiotropic effects in almost all tissues of the body . 2. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the thyrotroph cells in the posterior pituitary gland 3. TSH receptor are expressed on the thyroid para follicular cells. 4. A very small increases in thyroid hormone secretion reduce TSH secretion in a log-linear relationship. 5. T4 is the main regulator of TSH. Answers 1. TRUE-This influences brain and somatic development in infants and metabolism in adults. 2. FALSE -TSH is an anterior pituitary hormone and secretes in response to negative feedback from circulating thyroid hormones. 3. FALSE-TSH receptors are expressed on thyroid follicular cells. 4. TRUE-The reason why the TSH is the most sensitive screening test for thyroid dysfunction 5. FAKSE – T3 is the main regulator since it binds to the thyrotroph nuclear thyroid hormone receptor while T4 acts via conversion to T3 THYROID PAHYSIOLOGY MCQS 1. 70 %TO 80% ...

TOXIC MULTI NODULAR GOITRE-MCQS 1.Thyroid gland with at least 2 autonomously functioning nodules that secretes excess thyroid hormones. 2.Symptoms include dysphagia, dyspnoea dizziness and /or neck discomfort. 3.Tc -99 scan shows a homogeneous pattern. 4. Non contrast CT scan along with spirometry is useful to evaluate when there is a suspected tracheal compression. 5. Pemberton's sign is used to evaluate venous obstruction in patients with goitre Answers 1. TRUE 2. TRUE-retrosternal goitre may cause dizziness when raising arms above the head. 3. FALSE-Heterogeneous pattern with many areas with hyperactivity and hypo-activity throughout the gland. 4. TRUE- Non contrast CT scan and inspiratory flow volume loop obtained during the spirometry manoeuvre may be helpful for functional evaluation of tracheal compromise. 5. TRUE-The sign is positive when bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora