AMC EXAMS AUSTRALIA ,AUSTRALIAN MEDICAL EXAMS,MCQS,CLINICALS.

Haematuri a (usually microscopic but sometimes frank) occurs in 95% of patients with renal colic on day one and 65% by day three, but up to 87% of patients with AAA rupture will also have haematuria.

■ Tuning fork testing is especially important when otoscopy and systemic examinations are unremarkable. ■ It is vital to recognise the possible causes of seemingly innocuous tinnitus (especially sudden onset) and institute early appropriate treatment. ■ There is great variation in how people react to tinnitus – some cope well with little disturbance while others feel anxious or depressed. ■ Treating underlying anxiety and depression improves outcomes. ■ Many patients report their tinnitus-related stress started when their doctor told them “nothing could be done”. ■ Most people will habituate naturally to tinnitus, as long as they regard the sound as meaningless.

sKIN burns can be graded into three categories. Grade 1 has redness or white marking only, grade 2 has oedema and blistering and grade 3 burns are associated with necrosis. HF acid burns Appearance Grade 1 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain Grade 2 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain PLUS oedema and blistering Grade 3 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain PLUS oedema and blistering PLUS necrosis

There is no clear consensus on the best management, surgical or conservative, for first-time anterior shoulder dislocation. ■ Always perform a thorough examination before any attempt at reduction and document the neurovascular status of the arm, in particular the function of the axillary and musculocutaneous nerves. ■ Plain X-rays should include an antero-posterior view, a ‘Y’ lateral view and either an axillary or a Garth view. ■ Recurrence rates are lowest in patients who wear a sling for SIX WEEKS

A.Intervention for acute stroke is most potent when applied as close to the time of stroke onset as possible. B. High-risk TIAs can be predicted and should be investigated and managed with the same urgency as acute stroke. C. Differentiating between infarction and haemorrhagic stroke on clinical grounds is poor, even among experienced clinicians. Acute imaging (usually by CT) is essential to direct ongoing management. D. Thrombolysis with tPA for acute ischaemic stroke up to 4.5 hours from symptom onset is now the standard level of care in units which have stroke management expertise. E. Admission to a stroke unit for all stroke subtypes increases the chance of functional outcome and decreases disability.