How to treat elbow dislocation.

1.In complex elbow dislocation,
the most common fractures are
to the radial head followed by
fracture of the coronoid process
of the ulna.
2.The force needed to cause
dislocation in an adult is more
likely to cause a supracondylar
fracture of the distal humerus
in a child – however, the elbow
is the most frequently
dislocated joint in children.
3.Spontaneous reduction of a
dislocated elbow is common in
children – look for an avulsed
medial epicondyle.
4. Post-reduction radiographs
should be taken in at least two
planes to confirm that the joint
is well reduced.

SHOULDER DISLOCATION IMPORTANT POINTS

Before any attempted
investigations or reduction
procedures, always document
the neurological and vascular
status of the arm.

OSTEOPOROSIS DIAGNOSIS

WHAT IS GOLD STANDARD?


Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DXA) is the gold standard for diagnosis
of osteoporosis.

BUT DXA IS NOT ESSENTIAL TO START TREATMENT

.

WHAT ARE THE ANTI-OSTEOPOROTIC THERAPIES AVAILABLE

A Little Death In Dixie1.CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION
2.BISPHOPHONATES-?ACTIVE UPPER GI DISORDERS ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS
3.HORMONE THERAPY-?RISK OF THROMBOEMBOLISM
4.PARATHYROID HORMONE
5.SELECTIVE OESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS(SERM)-RISH SIMILAR TO HORMONE THERAPY(BUT REDUCES BREAST CANCER)
6.STRONTIUM RANELATE.

OSTEOPOROSIS IMPORTANT POINTS

Osteoporosis is an A Little Death In Dixieasymptomatic process until afracture occurs.



■ Adults who have one fracture
are 2-4 times more likely to
have another.
■ Bone densitometry may not be
essential before starting
medical therapy if X-ray
investigation shows one or
more vertebral fractures typical
of osteoporosis.
■ Most elderly people in highand
low-level residency care
have vitamin D deficiency.