TINNITUS IMPORTANT POINTS

■ Tuning fork testing is especially
important when otoscopy and
systemic examinations are
unremarkable.
■ It is vital to recognise the
possible causes of seemingly
innocuous tinnitus (especially
sudden onset) and institute
early appropriate treatment.
■ There is great variation in how
people react to tinnitus –
some cope well with little
disturbance while others feel
anxious or depressed.
■ Treating underlying anxiety
and depression improves
outcomes.
■ Many patients report their
tinnitus-related stress started
when their doctor told them
“nothing could be done”.
■ Most people will habituate
naturally to tinnitus, as long
as they regard the sound as
meaningless.

GRADING OF BURNS AND HF ACID BUURNS

sKIN burns can be graded into three categories.
Grade 1 has redness or white marking only,
grade 2 has oedema and blistering and grade 3 burns are associated with necrosis.
HF acid burns Appearance
Grade 1 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
Grade 2 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
PLUS oedema and blistering
Grade 3 white burn mark and/or erythema and pain
PLUS oedema and blistering
PLUS necrosis

SHOULDER DISLOCATION IMPORTANT POINTS

There is no clear consensus on
the best management, surgical
or conservative, for first-time
anterior shoulder dislocation.
■ Always perform a thorough
examination before any
attempt at reduction and
document the neurovascular
status of the arm, in particular
the function of the axillary and
musculocutaneous nerves.
■ Plain X-rays should include
an antero-posterior view, a ‘Y’
lateral view and either an
axillary or a Garth view.
■ Recurrence rates are lowest in
patients who wear a sling for SIX WEEKS

STROKE iMPORTANT POINTS

A.Intervention for acute stroke is
most potent when applied as
close to the time of stroke
onset as possible.
B. High-risk TIAs can be
predicted and should be
investigated and managed
with the same urgency as
acute stroke.
C. Differentiating between
infarction and haemorrhagic
stroke on clinical grounds is
poor, even among experienced
clinicians. Acute imaging
(usually by CT) is essential to
direct ongoing management.
D. Thrombolysis with tPA for
acute ischaemic stroke up to
4.5 hours from symptom onset
is now the standard level of
care in units which have
stroke management expertise.
E. Admission to a stroke unit for
all stroke subtypes increases
the chance of functional
outcome and decreases
disability.

TIA RISK ASSESSMENT : ABCD SCORE!

Risk Score
A Age >60 years 1 point
B Blood pressure >140/90 1 point
C Clinical unilateral weakness 2 points
Speech disturbance without weakness 1 point
Other 0 points
D Duration >60 min 2 points
10-60 min 1 point
<10 min 0 points D Diabetes 1 point 0-3 points = low risk
4-5 points = moderate risk
6-7 points = high risk
(Maximum score 7 points)

HEALTH INSURANCE

NEVER DELAY A SINGLE DAY BEFORE YOU GET A HEALTH INSURANCE AND INCOME PROTECTION INSURANCE IF NOT LIFE INSURANCE WHEN YOU ARRIVE IN AUSTRALIA.THERE ARE MANY OPTION TO SELECT FROM.JUST ASK A COLLEGE THAT IS THE BEST WAY.DON'T GO BY ADVERTISEMENTS.AL THE BEST.

Acne Differential Diagnosis

Acne is a clinical diagnosis;
however, it is important to
consider the following differential
diagnoses:

• Rosacea.
• Perioral dermatitis.
• Acneiform drug eruption.
• Folliculitis on the trunk.

ACNE IMPORTANT POINTS.

ACNE IMPORTANT POINT IN HISTORY AND EXAMINATION.

History

• How long have you had
pimples for?
• Are there any triggers?
• Is there a family history?
• What treatments have you
had? How long did you
follow each treatment?
• What was the most
effective treatment? Why
did you stop it?
• How do you feel about
your skin? Does it stop
you from doing anything?

Examination

• Assess the severity and
whether there is any
scarring.
• Determine any
psychological impact.